Fanya Yefimovna Kaplan [Фа́нни Ефи́мовна Капла́н]

Russian Socialist-Revolutionary and one-time anarchist, who unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate Lenin at the 'Hammer and Sickle' factory on August 31, 1918.

Kaplan had served a sentence of hard labor during the tsarist years for her revolutionary activities. As a member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, Kaplan viewed Lenin as a "traitor to the revolution" when the Bolsheviks enacted one-party rule and banned her party. On 30 August 1918, she approached Lenin, who was leaving a Moscow factory, and fired three shots. Lenin was badly injured by two of the shots she fired. Interrogated by the Cheka, she refused to name any accomplices before being executed.